/* News card design */
.news-cards {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    gap: 2rem;
}
.news-card {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}
.news-card {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 14px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
    padding: 3rem 3rem 2.5rem 3rem;
    width: 90vw;
    max-width: 90vw;
    font-size: 1.25em;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
}
.news-card-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}
.news-date-badge {
    background: #222;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.4em 1em;
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-right: 0.5em;
    display: inline-block;
}
.news-category-badge {
    background: #2563eb;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.4em 1em;
    font-size: 1em;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: inline-block;
}
.news-card-title {
    font-size: 1.35em;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
    color: #222;
}
/* News list styling */
.news-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
.news-list-item {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1.2em;
    padding: 1em;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    font-size: 1.05em;
}
/* News page: ensure each box is on its own line */
.news-article {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    margin-bottom: 1.2em;
    padding: 1em;
    background: #f5f5f5;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
}
/* Reset and base styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.content-wrapper {
    width: 95%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Navigation */
.main-nav {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #dee2e6;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.main-nav ul {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    justify-content: center;
}

.main-nav li {
    margin: 0;
}

.main-nav a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #333;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 1rem;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    display: block;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
}

.main-nav a:hover {
    color: #0066cc;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #0066cc;
}

.main-nav a.active {
    color: #0066cc;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #0066cc;
}

/* Main Content Layout */
.main-content {
    background: white;
}

/* Carousel */
.carousel-container {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    position: relative;
}

.carousel {
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    background: white;
}

.carousel-slide {
    position: relative;
}

.carousel-slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.slide-caption {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
    color: white;
    padding: 10px;
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.carousel-nav {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.nav-dot {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    background: #ccc;
    border-radius: 50%;
    margin: 0 5px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.nav-dot.active {
    background: #E00122;
}

/* Quick links */
.quick-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.btn {
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    background-color: #333;
    color: white;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.btn:hover {
    background-color: #0066cc;
}

/* Content Sections */
.welcome-section, .featured-research {
    background: white;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

h2 {
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.research-highlight {
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.research-highlight h3 {
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-highlight ul {
    margin: 1rem 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.research-metrics {
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.research-metrics img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

/* Sidebar */
.sidebar {
    background: white;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 0;
    margin-top: 4rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #eee;
    color: #666;
}

.social-icons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.social-icons a {
    display: inline-block;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.social-icons a:hover {
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.social-icons img {
    height: 40px;
    width: auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Carousel styles */
.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 60%;
    margin: 1rem auto 3rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.carousel {
    display: flex;
    transition: transform 0.5s ease-in-out;
    height: 600px;
}

.carousel-slide {
    min-width: 100%;
    padding: 1rem;
    text-align: center;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    border-radius: 12px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

/* Ensure specific slides can show full image without edge padding */
.carousel-slide.no-padding {
    padding: 0;
}

/* For contained images that must fully display within the slide */
.carousel-slide.no-padding img {
    max-width: 100% !important;
    max-height: 100% !important;
    width: auto !important;
    height: 100% !important;
    object-fit: contain !important;
}

.carousel-slide h3 {
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: #222;
}

.carousel-slide p {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: #666;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.carousel-button {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);
    color: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    z-index: 2;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.carousel-button:hover {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.1);
}

.carousel-button.prev {
    left: 2rem;
}

.carousel-button.next {
    right: 2rem;
}

.carousel-dots {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.dot {
    width: 10px;
    height: 10px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #ccc;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background 0.3s;
}

.dot.active {
    background: #0066cc;
}

/* Updated Hero Styles */
.hero {
    padding: 1.5rem 0 0.2rem;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    line-height: 0.9;
}

.hero .content-wrapper {
    display: block;
}

.hero-header {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    padding: 0;
    line-height: 1.0;
}

.institution-info {
    text-align: left;
    margin-left: -3rem;
    padding-left: 0;
    grid-column: 1;
    align-self: start;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.institution-info .social-icons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    margin-left: -6rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.institution-info .social-icons a {
    display: inline-block;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.institution-info .social-icons a:hover {
    opacity: 0.7;
}

.institution-info .social-icons img {
    height: 30px;
    width: auto;
    display: block;
}

.hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: #333;
    margin: 0;
    margin-left: 2rem;
    line-height: 0.9;
    text-align: center;
    grid-column: 2;
    align-self: center;
    font-family: 'Georgia', 'Times New Roman', serif;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.university-logo {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    grid-column: 3;
    justify-self: end;
}

.university-logo img {
    height: 80px;
    width: auto;
    transform: scale(2) translateY(10px);
}

.college {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #C8102E;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.college a {
    color: #C8102E;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.college a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.department, .program {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #C8102E;
    margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    margin-left: 0;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

/* Gray color override for director page */
.director-gray {
    color: #666 !important;
}

.director-gray a {
    color: #666 !important;
}

.director-gray a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Director page-specific overrides */
.director-page .college,
.director-page .department,
.director-page .program {
    color: #666;
}

.hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: #222;
}

.hero .subtitle {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.hero .notice {
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    max-width: 800px;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

/* Two-column layout */
.main-content-section {
    background: #fff;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.main-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2.5fr 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.left-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1 / -1;
}

.recent-news {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / -1;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    height: fit-content;
    min-height: 100%;
}

.featured-research {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.welcome-section {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.welcome-section {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.welcome-section h2 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.welcome-section p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #333;
}

.featured-research {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.left-column {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.research-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

/* Address & Contact Section */
.address-contact {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.address-contact h2 {
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #0066cc;
    padding-bottom: 0.3rem;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.contact-info p {
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.contact-info p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.contact-info a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-info a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.recent-news {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / -1;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    height: fit-content;
    min-height: 100%;
}

.recent-news h2 {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.recent-news ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.recent-news li {
    padding: 1rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.recent-news li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.read-more {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}

.read-more:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.view-all-news {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.view-all-link {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.view-all-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* News Page Styles */
.news-page {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.page-header {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #e9ecef;
}

.page-header h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.page-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0;
    text-align: left;
}

.news-content {
    margin-bottom: 4rem;
}

.news-article {
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.news-article:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.news-article.featured {
    border-left: 4px solid #0066cc;
    background: #f8f9ff;
}

.news-header {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.news-article .news-date {
    background: #333;
    color: white;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.news-category {
    background: #0066cc;
    color: white;
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.news-article h3 {
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.news-body {
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.news-body p {
    margin-bottom: 1.2rem;
}

.news-body ul {
    margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem 1.5rem;
}

.news-body li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.news-archive {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-top: 3px solid #0066cc;
}

.news-archive h3 {
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.archive-year h4 {
    color: #0066cc;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.archive-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.archive-list li {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.archive-list li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.archive-list a {
    color: #333;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.archive-list a:hover {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.news-date {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* Responsive design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    nav ul {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero {
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .main-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .left-content {
        grid-row: auto;
    }
    
    .recent-news {
        grid-column: 1;
        grid-row: auto;
        min-height: auto;
    }
}

/* Highlight styles */
.highlight {
    background-color: #fff3cd;
    border: 1px solid #ffeaa7;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #856404;
    display: inline-block;
}

/* Reusable section card to match index page look */
.section-card {
    background: #f8f9fa;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.section-card h2 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* Make director page link colors match index defaults */
.director-page a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.director-page a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Director page styles */
.director-page {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;     /* center like index */
    padding: 2rem 0;    /* vertical spacing; no extra horizontal padding */
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.left-column {
    flex: 0 0 320px;
    min-width: 260px;
    max-width: 340px;
}

.right-column {
    flex: 1 1 0%;
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

/* Director page wrapper: slightly wider and smaller side padding than index */
.content-wrapper.director-wrapper {
    width: 98%;
    padding-left: 10px;
    padding-right: 10px;
}

/* Override main-layout for director page */
.director-page .main-layout {
    display: block;
    grid-template-columns: none;
    grid-template-rows: none;
}

.director-profile {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 320px 1fr !important;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.left-column {
    grid-column: 1;
}

.right-column {
    grid-column: 2;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.profile-header {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    text-align: left;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.profile-image img {
    width: 160px;
    height: 160px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 0;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    box-shadow: none;
}

/* Director page-specific wrapper: remove left padding to bring content closer to edge */
/* director-wrapper intentionally removed to use .content-wrapper defaults */

.profile-info h2 {
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
}

.profile-info h3 {
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.profile-info .title {
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.contact-details {
    text-align: left;
    width: 100%;
}

.contact-details p {
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.contact-details a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.contact-details a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.director-page .biography,
.director-page .research-interests {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Education section styles */
.education-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.education-list .edu-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.education-list .edu-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.education-list h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem 0;
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.education-list .edu-meta {
    margin: 0;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Work Experience section styles */
.experience-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.experience-list .exp-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.experience-list .exp-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.experience-list h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem 0;
    color: #333;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.exp-meta {
    margin: 0;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.exp-term {
    background: #e7f1ff;
    color: #0050a8;
    padding: 0.05rem 0.4rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-left: 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 400;
}
/* Teaching section styles */
.teaching-quote {
    font-style: italic;
    color: #555;
    border-left: 4px solid #e9ecef;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    margin: 0 0 1rem 0;
}

.teaching-quote .quote-author {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.course-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0;
}

.course-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}

.course-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.course-item h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.35rem 0;
    color: #555; /* visually below the h3 subheading */
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Add a subtle indent so course titles sit under their section heading */
.teaching .course-list {
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
}

.course-term {
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #666;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

/* Enhanced subheading design */
.teaching h3 {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    color: #2c3e50;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-top: 2px solid #e9ecef;
    padding-top: 1.2rem;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1rem;
}

.teaching h3::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 1.4rem;
    width: 4px;
    height: 20px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #0066cc, #4a90e2);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Teaching color accents to match site theme */
.teaching.section-card h2 {
    border-bottom: 2px solid #0066cc;
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.teaching h3 {
    color: #333; /* subordinate to the Teaching (h2) heading */
}

.teaching h3:first-of-type {
    border-top: none;
    padding-top: 0;
}

.teaching h3:first-of-type::before {
    top: 0.2rem;
}

.course-term {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e7f1ff, #d4e7ff);
    color: #0050a8;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.6rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-left: 0.4rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.2);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* For Miami courses, place the term badge on a new line under the title */
.miami-courses .course-term {
    display: block;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
    width: fit-content;
}

/* For UTRGV courses, also place the term badge on a new line */
.utrgv-courses .course-term {
    display: block;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
    width: fit-content;
}

/* For GWU TA courses, also place the term badge on a new line */
.gwu-courses .course-term {
    display: block;
    margin-left: 0;
    margin-top: 0.4rem;
    width: fit-content;
}

.course-term:hover {
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.15);
}

/* Ensure Teaching uses enhanced design - force override */
.director-page .teaching.section-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%) !important; /* subtle gradient */
    border-radius: 16px !important;
    padding: 2.5rem !important;
    border-left: 6px solid #0066cc !important; /* thicker accent bar */
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.12) !important; /* enhanced blue-tinted shadow */
    position: relative !important;
    overflow: hidden !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.1) !important;
}

/* Add a decorative corner element */
.director-page .teaching.section-card::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.08) 0%, rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.03) 100%);
    clip-path: polygon(100% 0%, 0% 100%, 100% 100%);
}

/* Enhanced section title - force override */
.teaching.section-card h2 {
    border-bottom: 3px solid #0066cc !important;
    padding-bottom: 0.8rem !important;
    margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
    position: relative !important;
    font-size: 1.7rem !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    color: #2c3e50 !important;
}

.teaching.section-card h2::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -3px;
    left: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #0066cc, #4a90e2);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Enhanced course bullets with hover effects - force override */
.teaching .course-item {
    position: relative !important;
    padding-left: 1.5rem !important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
    border-radius: 8px !important;
    margin: 0.5rem 0 !important;
    padding-top: 1rem !important;
    padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
}

.teaching .course-item:hover {
    background: rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.03) !important;
    transform: translateX(4px) !important;
}

.teaching .course-item::before {
    content: "" !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    left: 0.5rem !important;
    top: 1.2rem !important;
    width: 8px !important;
    height: 8px !important;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0066cc, #4a90e2) !important;
    border-radius: 50% !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.15) !important;
    transition: all 0.3s ease !important;
}

.teaching .course-item:hover::before {
    transform: scale(1.2) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(0, 102, 204, 0.2) !important;
}

/* Responsive two-column layout for course lists on larger screens */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .teaching .course-list {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        column-gap: 1.25rem;
    }
}

.research-interests h3 {
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.research-interests ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.research-interests li {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f0f0f0;
    color: #555;
}

.research-interests li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

/* Responsive design for director page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .director-profile {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .right-column {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .profile-header {
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
}

/* =============================
   People page (UC-style layout)
   ============================= */
.uc-people {
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.uc-section {
    margin: 2rem 0 2.5rem;
}

.uc-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #111;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
}

.uc-card {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.uc-card-topline {
    border-top: 3px solid #999; /* gray to match sponsors */
    width: 100%;
}

.uc-card-body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 160px 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
    align-items: start;
}

/* Director card larger photo */
.uc-director-card .uc-card-body {
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
}

.uc-photo-wrap {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 220px;
    background: #f1f1f1;
    border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
}

.uc-photo {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.uc-info h3,
.uc-info h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.25rem 0;
    color: #222;
}

.uc-info p {
    margin: 0.25rem 0;
    color: #444;
}

.uc-info a {
    color: #0066cc;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.uc-info a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Members grid */
.uc-member-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    column-gap: 2rem;
    row-gap: 1.5rem;
}

.uc-member-card .uc-card-body {
    grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
}

.uc-role {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #111;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .uc-member-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .uc-director-card .uc-card-body { grid-template-columns: 160px 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
    .uc-card-body { grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr; }
    .uc-director-card .uc-card-body { grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr; }
}

/* Generic figure styling for section images */
.section-figure {
    margin: 1rem 0 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.section-figure img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.section-figure figcaption {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
}
/* Smaller variant for section figures */
.section-figure.small img {
    max-width: 560px; /* increase displayed size */
}
/* Medium variant for section figures */
.section-figure.medium img {
    max-width: 520px;
}
/* Two-column helper for section content with a side image */
.section-two-col {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.8fr 1.2fr; /* text left, image right */
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: stretch; /* make both columns equal height */
}

.section-two-col .left-col, .section-two-col .right-col {
    min-width: 0; /* prevent overflow in grid children */
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .section-two-col {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* stack on small screens */
    }
    .section-two-col .right-col {
        order: 2;
    }
}

/* Ensure the two LLM figures share the same visual height */
.llm-fig img {
    height: 360px;
    width: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain; /* keep full image visible within set height */
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .llm-fig img {
        height: 280px; /* slightly smaller on mobile */
    }
}

/* Row layout for two figures placed under content */
.section-image-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0; /* no space between figures */
    align-items: start; /* align top edges */
}

/* Remove default figure margins when used in the image row */
.section-image-row .section-figure {
    margin: 0; /* remove all margins so images touch */
}

/* Remove borders inside the side-by-side row so there's no visible seam */
.section-image-row .section-figure img {
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 360px; /* equal heights */
    object-fit: contain; /* show full image without cropping */
    background: transparent; /* no background around contained image */
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .section-image-row .section-figure img {
        height: 280px; /* equal heights on mobile */
    }
}

/* Give the LLM section's side-by-side figures more breathing room */
#llm-attacks .section-image-row .section-figure {
    margin: 0.75rem;
}

/* Keep figures side by side even on smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .section-image-row {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }
}
/* Alumni list styles */
.uc-alumni .uc-card-body { display: block; }
.uc-alumni-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
.uc-alumni-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
}
.uc-alumni-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.uc-alumni-item h4 { margin: 0 0 0.25rem 0; color: #222; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.uc-alumni-item p { margin: 0.2rem 0; color: #555; }

/* =============================
   Sponsors logo strip (Research)
   ============================= */
#sponsor .sponsor-strip {
    border-top: 3px solid #999; /* gray line */
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
}

.sponsor-logos {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 2rem; /* space between logos */
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.sponsor-logo {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 120px;
    min-height: 90px;
    position: relative;
}

.sponsor-logo img {
    height: 120px; /* consistent visual height */
    width: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: block;
}

/* Slight emphasis so NIST appears wider like the screenshot */
.sponsor-logo.nist img {
    height: 140px;
}

/* Graceful fallback label when image is missing */
.sponsor-logo:empty::after {
    content: attr(data-label);
    color: #999;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1rem;
    border: 2px dashed #ddd;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
    .sponsor-logo img { height: 90px; }
    .sponsor-logo.nist img { height: 110px; }
}